标题： 氮空位中心的数字孪生仿真工具箱 显示英文标题

标题： Digital Twin Simulations Toolbox of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond

摘要： 色心缺陷在固体中，特别是金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心，是量子技术应用的关键物理平台。因此，对NV系统的精确和严格的数值建模对于该领域的持续进步是必不可少的。在此背景下，本工作开发了一个Python软件，用于在一般实验条件下模拟脉冲序列中的NV自旋动力学，即数字孪生。该库考虑了电磁脉冲和其他环境输入，这些用于求解系统的时变动力学，从而以量子力学可观测量的形式给出物理输出，即荧光。模拟框架基于非微扰的时间依赖哈密顿量模型，在实验室框架中求解。通过消除诸如瞬时$\delta$脉冲假设和旋转波近似等过度简化的假设，我们的模拟揭示了现实脉冲约束带来的细微动力学，这些动力学影响量子系统。三个用例示例说明了该软件的使用，并通过将模拟结果与已建立的实验工作进行比较来验证它，这些工作涉及量子计算（两量子比特条件逻辑门）、传感（NV与耦合自旋之间的抗噪声动态解耦序列）和网络（纠缠NV之间的量子态传送）。总体而言，这个数字孪生提供了NV自旋动力学的稳健且详细的数值建模，具有简单易用的特点，适用于广泛的应用范围。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Color centers defects in solids, and particularly the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, are crucial physical platforms for quantum technology applications. Therefore, a precise and rigorous numerical modeling of the NV system is indispensable for the continued advancement of the field. Within this context, this work develops a Python software for simulating the NV spin dynamics in pulsed sequences under general experimental conditions, i.e. a digital twin. The library accounts for electromagnetic pulses and other environmental inputs, which are used to solve the system's time-evolution dynamics, resulting in a physical output in the form of a quantum mechanical observable given by the fluorescence. The simulations framework is based on a non-perturbative time-dependent Hamiltonian model, solved in the laboratory frame. Whereby eliminating oversimplifications such as the assumption of instantaneous $\delta$-pulses and rotating wave approximations, our simulations reveal subtle dynamics from the realistic pulse constraints that impact quantum systems. Three use-case examples illustrate the use of the software and validate it by comparing the simulation results with well-established experimental works, relevant to the fields of quantum computing (two-qubit conditional logic gates), sensing (noise resilient dynamical decoupling sequences between NV and couples spins) and networks (teleportation of a quantum state between entangled NVs). Overall, this digital twin delivers a robust and detailed numerical modeling of the NV spin dynamics, with simple and accessible usability, for an extensive application range.