标题： 橡胶摩擦：理论、机制和挑战 显示英文标题

标题： Rubber Friction: Theory, Mechanisms, and Challenges

摘要： 橡胶摩擦在轮胎、橡胶密封件和鞋类等应用中具有重要的实际意义。 这篇综述文章关注在随机粗糙基底上的橡胶摩擦的理论和实验研究。 我们考察了稳定滑动和加速运动，特别关注起动摩擦力的来源以及预滑动、弹性和瞬时温度对摩擦动力学的影响。 我们进一步讨论了圆柱体和球体的滚动摩擦，以及在干燥和润滑橡胶表面上三角形滑块的滑动摩擦。 理论预测与使用不同材料、几何形状和环境条件获得的实验结果进行了比较，强调了考虑多尺度粗糙度的重要性。 开放性挑战，如粘附增强的作用、裂纹张开引起的能量耗散以及短距离粗糙度截断的物理起源，也进行了讨论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Rubber friction is of major practical importance in applications such as tires, rubber seals, and footwear. This review article focuses on the theory and experimental studies of rubber friction on substrates with random roughness. We examine both steady sliding and accelerated motion, with particular attention to the origins of the breakloose friction force and the influence of pre-slip, elasticity, and flash temperature on friction dynamics. We further discuss rolling friction for cylinders and spheres, as well as sliding friction for triangular sliders on dry and lubricated rubber surfaces. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results obtained using different materials, geometries, and environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of accounting for multiscale roughness. Open challenges, such as the role of adhesion enhancement, energy dissipation due to crack opening, and the physical origin of the short-distance roughness cut-off, are discussed.