标题： 自组织——基本原理和一般模型 显示英文标题

标题： Self-organisation -- the underlying principle and a general model

摘要： 最近对颗粒系统中应力和结构协调自组织（SO）的观察提供了对该现象基本原理的见解。 这里首先认为，当一组配置比其余配置更加稳定时，SO就会出现，因此它们能比其他配置更长时间地经受系统中的噪声而被观察到。 这一原理比最近提出的能量考虑更为深入。 在这一原理的指导下，随后为这些系统中的SO提出了一个统计力学模型，并概述了其在三维空间中的扩展。 该原理不仅适用于颗粒系统，接下来该模型被扩展以描述更一般系统中SO的出现。 该模型的应用通过车道形成的具体例子进行了说明。 该建模方法与传统统计力学的类比提供了有用的见解，应有助于在其他非平衡系统中对SO进行建模。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent observations of coordinated self-organisation (SO) of stress and structure in granular systems provide insight into the fundamental principle underlying this phenomenon. It is first argued here that SO emerges when a minute subset of configurations are significantly more stable than the rest and therefore survive the noise in the system much longer to be observed. This principle goes deeper than recently proposed energy considerations. Guided by this principle, a statistical mechanics model is formulated then for SO in these systems and its extension to three dimensions is outlined. The principle holds beyond granular systems and the model is extended next to describe emergence of SO in more general systems. The application of the model is illustrated for the specific example of laning. Parallels of the modelling approach to traditional statistical mechanics provide useful insight that should assist in modelling SO in other out-of-equilibrium systems.