标题： 理解间歇性供水适应中的异质性：约旦安曼住户类型的聚类 显示英文标题

标题： Understanding Heterogeneity in Adaptation to Intermittent Water Supply: Clustering Household Types in Amman, Jordan

摘要： 全球有超过十亿人经历供水间歇性中断，这对南半球城市的城市家庭构成了挑战。 间歇性供水（IWS）系统促使用水者适应服务不足的情况，这会带来应对成本。 在同一城市内的家庭之间，适应及其影响可能有所不同，导致城市内部的不平等。 通过调查数据研究家庭对IWS的适应情况的研究仅限于探索基于收入的异质性，而未考虑数据的多维性和非线性特征。 需要一种标准化的方法来理解家庭对IWS的反应，该方法应承认由多个潜在因素组成的家庭异质性，并适用于不同环境。 在此，我们开发了一个分析流程，将分层聚类分析（HCA）与Welch双样本t检验结合，应用于约旦安曼的家庭调查数据。 我们识别出由一组特征区分的家庭集群，包括收入、水社会网络、供水持续时间、搬迁和水质问题，并确定了其特定群体的适应策略，如联系公用事业公司或获取替代水源。 这项研究揭示了安曼间歇性供水适应的不平等性质，提供了家庭特征与适应行为之间联系的见解，同时提出了一种标准化方法，以揭示适应IWS的家庭中的相关异质性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： More than a billion people around the world experience intermittence in their water supply, posing challenges for urban households in Global South cities. An intermittent water supply (IWS) system prompts water users to adapt to service deficits which entails coping costs. Adaptation and its impacts can vary between households within the same city, leading to intra-urban inequality. Studies on household adaptation to IWS through survey data are limited to exploring income-based heterogeneity and do not account for the multidimensional and non-linear nature of the data. There is a need for a standardized methodology for understanding household responses to IWS that acknowledges the heterogeneity of households characterized by sets of multiple underlying factors and that is applicable across different settings. Here, we develop an analysis pipeline that applies hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) in combination with the Welch-two-sample t-test on household survey data from Amman, Jordan. We identify three clusters of households distinguished by a set of characteristics including income, water social network, supply duration, relocation and water quality problems and identify their group-specific adaptive strategies such as contacting the utility or accessing an alternate water source. This study uncovers the unequal nature of IWS adaptation in Amman, giving insights into the link between household characteristics and adaptive behaviors, while proposing a standardized method to reveal relevant heterogeneity in households adapting to IWS.