标题： 在中子星类似条件下理想磁化带电玻色气体的两步玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 显示英文标题

标题： Two-Step Bose-Einstein Condensation of an ideal Magnetized Charged Bosonic gas under neutron star-like conditions

摘要： 我们研究了在均匀磁场中非相互作用的相对论带电标量玻色子气体的热力学性质，包括任意场强下的统计和真空贡献。 专注于低温区域，并将最低朗道能级（LLL）与激发态分离，可以更清晰地看到磁场对热力学量的影响。 我们重新审视玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）、比热、磁化率和状态方程（EoS）。 一个核心结果是磁场引起的BEC的扩散特性，在比热中表现为两个平台：第一个平台出现在系统通过磁约束变得有效一维时，第二个平台——与真正的单粒子基态相关——被磁场抑制。 因此，不会出现临界凝聚温度。 对于磁化率，LLL贡献随着磁场增强从抗磁性转变为顺磁性，而包含激发态后，统计磁化率保持负值。 相反，在强磁场下，真空贡献占主导，导致顺磁性。 我们还表明，反粒子会增强比热、磁化率和总压力。 这些效应在中子星条件下的介子气体中得到说明，并与中性矢量玻色子系统的先前结果进行比较。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We study the thermodynamic properties of a non-interacting, relativistic gas of charged scalar bosons in a uniform magnetic field, including both statistical and vacuum contributions at arbitrary field strengths. Focusing on the low-temperature regime and separating the Lowest Landau Level (LLL) from excited states provides a clearer view of the magnetic field's impact on thermodynamic quantities. We revisit Bose Einstein condensation (BEC), specific heat, magnetization, and the equation of state (EoS). A central result is the diffuse character of BEC induced by the magnetic field, reflected in the specific heat, which exhibits two plateaus: the first appears when the system becomes effectively one-dimensional through magnetic confinement, while the second-associated with the true one-particle ground state-is suppressed by the field. Consequently, no critical condensation temperature arises. For magnetization, the LLL contribution shifts from diamagnetic to paramagnetic As the field strengthen with the inclusion of the excited states, the statistical magnetization remains negative. In contrast, the vacuum contribution dominates at strong fields, driving paramagnetic. We also show that antiparticles enhance specific heat, magnetization, and total pressure. These effects are illustrated for a pion gas under neutron star conditions and compared with previous results for a neutral vector boson system.