标题： 一种用于长期尾迹演化的多物理欧拉框架 显示英文标题

标题： A Multi-Physics Eulerian Framework for Long-Term Contrail Evolution

摘要： 卷云尾迹（contrails）日益被认可为航空引起的大气变暖的主要因素，其影响与二氧化碳的影响相当。 减轻其气候影响需要准确且计算效率高的模型来指导规避策略。 卷云尾迹经历不同的阶段，从形成和快速增长到消散或转变为卷云，其中后一阶段对辐射强迫起关键作用。 这种长期演变主要由平流-扩散过程以及冰粒子生长动力学耦合驱动。 我们提出了一种新的多物理场欧拉框架，用于长期卷云尾迹模拟，整合了以前未被充分研究或被忽视的因素，包括时空风变异性；考虑潜在扩散阻挡机制的非线性扩散系数；一种新的多相理论模型，用于冰粒子的总体沉降速度；以及冰晶形态动力学。 欧拉模型使用一种最近提出的离散化方法求解，以提高准确性和计算效率。 此外，欧拉模型引入了几种理论上的可调参数，可以使用真实数据进行校准，以优化内置的非线性平流-扩散方程（ADEs）。 我们进一步证明，在适当的假设下，控制的非线性 ADEs 具有维度可分离性，使多物理场欧拉模型特别适用于卷云尾迹羽流的大规模模拟，最终是其相关的辐射强迫。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Condensation trails (contrails) are increasingly recognized as a major contributor to aviation-induced atmospheric warming, rivaling the impact of carbon dioxide. Mitigating their climate effects requires accurate and computationally efficient models to inform avoidance strategies. Contrails evolve through distinct stages, from formation and rapid growth to dissipation or transition into cirrus clouds, where the latter phase critically determines their radiative forcing. This long-term evolution is primarily driven by advection-diffusion processes coupled with ice-particle growth dynamics. We propose a new multi-physics Eulerian framework for long-term contrail simulations, integrating underexplored or previously neglected factors, including spatiotemporal wind variability; nonlinear diffusion coefficients accounting for potential diffusion-blocking mechanisms; a novel multiphase theoretical model for the bulk settling velocity of ice particles; and ice-crystal habit dynamics. The Eulerian model is solved using a recently proposed discretization approach to enhance both accuracy and computational efficiency. Additionally, the Eulerian model introduces several theoretical, adjustable parameters that can be calibrated using ground-truth data to optimize the built-in nonlinear advection-diffusion equations (ADEs). We further demonstrate that the governing nonlinear ADEs admit dimensional separability under suitable assumptions, making the multi-physics Eulerian model particularly promising for large-scale simulations of contrail plumes and, ultimately, their associated radiative forcing.