标题： 冬季北极涛动下日本海海面温度异常与大气和海洋场之间的交叉相关结构 显示英文标题

标题： Wintertime Cross-correlational Structures between Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Atmospheric-and-Oceanic Fields in the East/Japan Sea Under Arctic Oscillation

摘要： 冬季北极振荡（AO）调节东亚气候和东/日本海（EJS），但连接大气、海洋和海表温度异常（SSTA）的局部、尺度依赖性气-海耦合机制仍不清楚。 使用1993--2022年的30年日场数据，我们在每个网格上计算5--50天尺度上的去趋势波动/交叉相关度量：Hurst指数（$H$）、交叉Hurst指数（$\lambda$）和DCCA系数（$\rho_{DCCA}$）。 显著性通过迭代-AAFT替代数据进行评估，并采用Benjamini--Hochberg错误发现率控制方法。 三个稳健特征显现。 (1) 在AO+冬季，EKB--SPF走廊表现出高的SSTA方差和近似弹道持续性（$H \approx 1.4$--$1.5$），表明对海洋热浪的敏感性增加。 (2) SSTA与近地表气温异常正相关，而湍流热通量异常则基本反相位且显示可忽略的交叉持续性，这与快速阻尼一致。 (3) 海洋场表现出持续的耦合：海面高度异常与SSTA呈现盆地范围内的正关联；纬向地转速度在EKWC/SPF路径上留下平流交叉耦合印记，而经向流动和涡度则产生零散的特征。 因此，EJS冬季海表温度变化反映了两层过程：中尺度结构和沿锋面平流组织了持续性，而天气尺度强迫和湍流热交换提供了强但非持续性的趋势。 经过FDR控制的网格点DFA/DCCA框架可应用于其他边缘海。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) modulates East Asian climate and the East/Japan Sea (EJS), yet local, scale-dependent air-sea couplings linking atmosphere, ocean and sea-surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) remain unclear. Using 30 years of daily fields (1993--2022), we compute detrended fluctuation/cross-correlation metrics over 5--50-day scales at every grid: the Hurst exponent ($H$), the cross-Hurst exponent ($\lambda$), and the DCCA coefficient ($\rho_{DCCA}$). Significance is assessed with iterative-AAFT surrogates and Benjamini--Hochberg false-discovery-rate control. Three robust features emerge. (1) During AO+ winters, the EKB--SPF corridor exhibits high SSTA variance and near-ballistic persistence ($H \approx 1.4$--$1.5$), indicating increased susceptibility to marine heatwaves. (2) SSTA co-fluctuates positively with near-surface air-temperature anomalies, whereas turbulent heat-flux anomalies are largely anti-phased and show negligible cross-persistence, consistent with fast damping. (3) Oceanic fields impart persistent coupling: sea-surface height anomalies display basin-wide positive links with SSTA; meridional geostrophic velocity imprints advective cross-coupling along EKWC/SPF pathways, while zonal flow and vorticity yield patchy signatures. Winter SST variability in the EJS thus reflects a two-tier process in which mesoscale structure and along-front advection organize persistence, while synoptic forcing and turbulent heat exchange supply strong but non-persistent tendencies. The FDR-controlled, grid-point DFA/DCCA framework is transferable to other marginal seas.