标题： 量子纠错电路的罕见事件模拟 显示英文标题

标题： Rare Event Simulation of Quantum Error-Correcting Circuits

摘要： 我们描述了一种实用的方法，在低物理（组件）故障率条件下访问量子纠错（QEC）电路的逻辑故障率。 标准蒙特卡洛方法通常是研究量子电路故障率的默认方法。 然而，在研究容错纠错电路时，将这种方法扩展到低物理故障率的能力受到限制。 特别是，随着我们降低电路中各个组件（门）的输入故障率，使用蒙特卡洛方法访问相对较大或具有高纠错能力的电路变得更加困难。 出于这些原因，许多研究电路模型的模拟不会低于端到端逻辑故障率在10^{-6}的范围。 在本报告中，我们概述了一种方法，该方法借鉴了Bravyi和Vargo之前的工作，用于更复杂的电路噪声模型。 以前的研究同时研究了容量和现象噪声模型，但这些工作不足以在电路噪声模型中生成类似的模拟。 据我们所知，我们的团队是第一个为基于电路的噪声模型开发罕见事件模拟分裂技术完整方案的。 我们还生成了在可访问范围内由标准蒙特卡洛模拟验证的有希望的结果。 这项工作表明，我们可以访问量子纠错码的电路模型描述中的噪声，达到低于10^{-20}的故障率范围。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We describe a practical approach for accessing the logical failure rates of quantum error-correcting (QEC) circuits under low physical (component) failure rate regimes. Standard Monte Carlo is often the de facto approach for studying the failure rates of quantum circuits. However, in the study of fault-tolerant error-correcting circuits, the ability to extend this approach to low physical failure rates is limited. In particular, the use of Monte Carlo to access circuits that are relatively large or have high correcting power becomes more difficult as we lower the input failure rates of the individual components (gates) in the circuit. For these reasons, many simulations studying the circuit model go no lower than end-to-end logical failure rates in the 10^{-6} regime. In this report, we outline an approach that borrows from earlier work by Bravyi and Vargo to the more complex circuit noise model. Earlier works studied both the capacity and phenomenological noise models, but the work is insufficient for generating similar simulations in the circuit-noise model. To the best of our knowledge, our team is the first to develop a full prescription of the rare event simulation by splitting technique for the circuit-based noise model. We have also generated promising results that are confirmed by standard Monte Carlo simulation under an accessible regime. This work shows that we can access noise in the circuit-model prescription of quantum error-correcting code to failure rates below 10^{-20} regime.