标题： 经济复杂性对齐与可持续发展 显示英文标题

标题： Economic Complexity Alignment and Sustainable Development

摘要： 经济复杂性已被证明与可持续性结果有关，例如收入不平等和温室气体排放。 然而，追求复杂和/或相关活动是否自然与这些结果一致尚不清楚，或者实现可持续发展目标是否需要政策干预以追求不相关的多样化。 在此，我们利用多维的社会和环境可持续性指标来量化一个国家最接近的多样化机会与可持续发展目标之间的对齐程度。 我们发现，高收入和中上等收入国家比贫穷经济体面临显著更好的环境对齐多样化机会。 这意味着，虽然富裕国家享有与复杂性、相关性和环境表现相一致的多样化机会，但这种对齐对于发展中国家来说较弱。 这些发现强调了通过多维可持续性框架评估未来多样化轨迹的价值，并突出了不相关多样化对欠发达经济体促进可持续发展的战略重要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Economic complexity has been linked to sustainability outcomes, such as income inequality and greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, it is unclear whether the pursuit of complex and/or related activities naturally aligns with these outcomes, or whether meeting sustainability goals requires policy interventions that pursue unrelated diversification. Here, we exploit multidimensional social and environmental sustainability indicators to quantify the alignment between a country's closest diversification opportunities and sustainability goals. We find that high- and upper-middle-income countries face significantly better environmentally aligned diversification opportunities than poorer economies. This means that, while richer countries enjoy diversification opportunities that align complexity, relatedness and environmental performance, this alignment is weaker for developing economies. These findings underscore the value of evaluating future diversification trajectories through a multidimensional sustainability framework, and emphasise the strategic relevance of unrelated diversification for less developed economies to foster sustainable development.