标题： 德克萨斯州数据中心空气质量与温室气体排放评估：量化影响与环境权衡 显示英文标题

标题： Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment of Data Centers in Texas: Quantifying Impacts and Environmental Tradeoffs

摘要： 这项研究评估了德克萨斯州数据中心快速扩张带来的空气质量（AQ）和温室气体（GHG）排放情况，德克萨斯州由于基础设施、电力市场和商业条件成为重要枢纽。 将AQ影响与GHG排放分开，以明确来源、法规和缓解策略。 电力消耗和冷却系统是GHG排放的主要来源，一个10兆瓦的数据中心每年可产生约37,668吨二氧化碳，而建筑原材料和IT设备则带来大量隐含排放。 本地AQ影响常常被忽视，来自柴油备用发电机、施工设备和通勤。 仅发电机测试每家设施每年就可能排放约12吨氮氧化物，加剧休斯顿和达拉斯-沃思堡等地区的臭氧问题。 缓解策略包括先进的冷却技术、可再生能源采购、清洁备用电源（燃料电池、电池）、可持续建筑和标准化报告。 ERCOT预测到2030年，新增的数据中心负荷将达到39至78吉瓦，可能导致每年1.7亿至2.05亿吨二氧化碳排放。 积极采用可再生能源和先进技术可将排放量减少50%至80%，避免8500万至1.65亿吨二氧化碳排放。 该研究指出了研究和政策上的空白，包括需要累积空气扩散模型、针对空气质量的法规以及强制性能效标准。 研究结果强调了将德克萨斯州数字基础设施增长与环境保护和社区健康保护相协调的重要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This study assesses air quality (AQ) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rapid expansion of data centers in Texas, a major hub due to infrastructure, electricity markets, and business conditions. AQ impacts were separated from GHG emissions to clarify sources, regulations, and mitigation strategies. Electricity consumption and cooling systems dominate GHG emissions, with a 10 megawatt data center generating about 37,668 metric tons CO2 annually, while construction materials and IT equipment add substantial embodied emissions. Local AQ impacts, often overlooked, arise from diesel backup generators, construction equipment, and commuting. Generator testing alone can emit about 12 metric tons of NOx annually per facility, worsening ozone issues in regions such as Houston and Dallas-Fort Worth. Mitigation strategies include advanced cooling, renewable energy procurement, cleaner backup power (fuel cells, batteries), sustainable construction, and standardized reporting. ERCOT forecasts project 39 to 78 gigawatts of new data center load by 2030, potentially leading to 170 to 205 million metric tons of annual CO2 emissions. Aggressive adoption of renewables and advanced technologies could cut emissions by 50 to 80 percent, avoiding 85 to 165 million metric tons of CO2. The study identifies research and policy gaps, including the need for cumulative air dispersion modeling, AQ-specific regulations, and mandatory efficiency standards. Findings underscore the importance of aligning Texas digital infrastructure growth with environmental and community health protections.