标题： 应用到伊朗-以色列冲突分析中的IA：YouTube上的言论地图 显示英文标题

标题： IA aplicada al análisis del conflicto Irán-Israel: Mapeo de discursos en YouTube

摘要： 目的。 本研究基于2025年6月在YouTube上发布的120,000条评论，分析了伊朗-以色列冲突的数字表现形式。 它旨在识别涉及各方的论述立场，并探讨媒体和算法偏见如何塑造数字对话。 方法论。 采用了混合方法设计并进行了三角验证。 在定量阶段，使用了自然语言处理技术以及机器学习模型（BERT和XLM-RoBERTa）将评论分类为十个类别。 在定性阶段，对媒体背景和意识形态叙述进行了批判性分析，并通过手动注释和监督训练加以补充。 这种策略实现了统计稳健性与情境理解的结合。 结果和结论。 研究结果揭示了亲巴勒斯坦和反美国/以色列论述的明显过度代表，而亲美国和反巴勒斯坦立场则边缘化。 伊朗通常在全球媒体中被忽视，在冲突期间却成为数字对话中的核心参与者，这表明叙事从之前的霸权框架中发生了转变。 同样，结果证实了算法偏见在放大某些论述的同时限制其他论述的影响。 原创贡献。 这项工作将计算分析与哲学批判结合起来，用于研究数字争议，提供了一个可在地缘政治背景下复制的方法论框架。 它是首批通过人工智能和批判性分析来绘制YouTube上国际冲突论述的西班牙语研究之一，突出了常被忽视的不对称性和叙事争议。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Purpose. This study analyzes the digital representation of the Iran-Israel conflict that occurred in June 2025, based on 120,000 comments posted on YouTube. It sought to identify discursive positions regarding the actors involved and to examine how media and algorithmic biases shape digital conversations. Methodology. A mixed-methods design with triangulation was adopted. In the quantitative phase, natural language processing techniques and machine learning models (BERT and XLM-RoBERTa) were used to classify comments into ten categories. In the qualitative phase, a critical analysis of media context and ideological narratives was conducted, complemented by manual annotation and supervised training. This strategy enabled the integration of statistical robustness with contextual understanding. Results and conclusions. The findings reveal a clear overrepresentation of pro-Palestinian and anti-United States/Israel discourses, while pro-United States and anti-Palestinian positions were marginal. Iran, usually rendered invisible in global media, emerged as a central actor in the digital conversation during the conflict, suggesting a narrative shift away from previous hegemonic frameworks. Likewise, the results confirm the influence of algorithmic biases in amplifying certain discourses while limiting others. Original contributions. This work combines computational analysis and philosophical critique for the study of digital controversies, providing a methodological framework replicable in geopolitical contexts. It is one of the first Spanish-language studies to map, through artificial intelligence and critical analysis, discourses on an international conflict on YouTube, highlighting asymmetries and narrative disputes that are often overlooked.