标题： 基于边际机会价值的实时电力市场中电动汽车的经济竞价策略 显示英文标题

标题： Economic Bidding Strategy of Electric Vehicles in Real-Time Electricity Markets based on Marginal Opportunity Value

摘要： 电动汽车（EV）聚合商参与实时电力市场，通过价格响应的能源套利提供了有前景的收入机会。 经济投标中的一个核心挑战在于量化电动汽车充放电决策的边际机会价值。 这种价值是隐式定义的，并且在电力价格和电动汽车资源可用性的不确定性中动态形成。 本文提出了一种高效的投标策略，使电动汽车聚合商能够根据能源的底层边际价值生成符合市场的投标。 该方法首先将电动汽车聚合商的功率调度问题形式化为马尔可夫决策过程，将能源的机会价值与价值函数联系起来。 在此基础上，我们推导了在随机电力价格下，不同能源状态的电动汽车边际机会价值的概率分布。 然后利用这些分布，在风险中性和风险规避偏好下构建了边际充电价值和放电成本的显式表达式。 所得表达式支持一种完全分析的投标构造过程，无需冗余计算即可将边际估值转化为分步的价格-数量投标。 使用实际电动汽车充电数据和市场价格的案例研究证明了所提策略的有效性和适应性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The participation of electric vehicle (EV) aggregators in real-time electricity markets offers promising revenue opportunities through price-responsive energy arbitrage. A central challenge in economic bidding lies in quantifying the marginal opportunity value of EVs' charging and discharging decisions. This value is implicitly defined and dynamically shaped by uncertainties in electricity prices and availability of EV resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient bidding strategy that enables EV aggregators to generate market-compliant bids based on the underlying marginal value of energy. The approach first formulates the EV aggregator's power scheduling problem as a Markov decision process, linking the opportunity value of energy to the value function. Building on this formulation, we derive the probability distributions of marginal opportunity values across EVs' different energy states under stochastic electricity prices. These are then used to construct closed-form expressions for marginal charging values and discharging costs under both risk-neutral and risk-averse preferences. The resulting expressions support a fully analytical bid construction procedure that transforms marginal valuations into stepwise price-quantity bids without redundant computation. Case studies using real-world EV charging data and market prices demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed strategy.