标题： 固有时展开和胶子晕动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Proper time expansions and glasma dynamics

摘要： 超相对论重离子碰撞的最早阶段可以描述为一种高度充满胶子的系统，称为胶球。 该系统动力学由经典杨-米尔斯方程支配。 在早期时间可以使用适当时间展开找到解。 由于展开参数是时间，因此这种方法必然仅限于研究早期时间的动力学。 此外，计算时间和内存限制使得实际计算最多只能达到展开的第八阶。 结果是，该方法仅在非常早期的时间内产生可靠的结果。 在本文中，我们探讨了几种不同的方法来增加可以达到的最大时间。 我们发现，根据所计算的量略有不同，获得可靠结果的最晚时间可以大约延长1.5倍（从$\sim0.05$~fm/$c$使用以前的方法到大约$0.08$~fm/$c$）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The earliest phase of an ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision can be described as a highly populated system of gluons called glasma. The system's dynamics is governed by the classical Yang-Mills equation. Solutions can be found at early times using a proper time expansion. Since the expansion parameter is the time, this method is necessarily limited to the study of early time dynamics. In addition compute time and memory limitations restrict practical calculations to no more than eighth order in the expansion. The result is that the method produces reliable results only for very early times. In this paper we explore several different methods to increase the maximum time that can be reached. We find that, depending slightly on the quantity being calculated, the latest time for which reliable results are obtained can be extended approximately 1.5 times (from $\sim0.05$~fm/$c$ using previous methods to about $0.08$~fm/$c$).