标题： 通过费米尺度关联探测涡度 显示英文标题

标题： Probing vorticity through femtoscopic correlations

摘要： 在重离子碰撞中，当两个核相互穿过并产生高温高密物质时，它们的部分初始角动量会传递给火球，从而产生非零的平均涡度。 理解重离子碰撞动力学及其对关键观测量的影响，包括那些用于探测初始状态或评估核物质热力学性质的观测量，需要了解与涡度相关的效应的大小。 在本工作中，我们使用非中心的Au+Au碰撞在$E_{\rm{kin}}=1.23~A\rm{GeV}$的模拟结果，表明系统的旋转会影响粒子发射的时空图像，并且特别会在质子-介子费米尺度相关性上留下印记。 接下来，我们通过对模拟输出进行粗粒化处理，提取出位置和时间相关的集体速度，揭示了这一效应的动力学起源。 此外，我们证明质子和介子发射中心之间的位移可以量化旋转的强度，并将其作为重离子碰撞中涡度的新信号提出。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In heavy-ion collisions, as the two nuclei pass through one another and create hot and dense matter, part of their initial angular momentum is transferred to the fireball, generating a nonzero average vorticity. Understanding heavy-ion collision dynamics and its influence on key observables, including those used to probe the initial state or assess thermodynamics of nuclear matter, requires understanding the magnitude of effects tied to vorticity. In this work, we use simulations of non-central Au+Au collisions at $E_{\rm{kin}}=1.23~A\rm{GeV}$ to show that the rotation of the system impacts the space-time picture of particle emission and, in particular, leaves imprints on proton-pion femtoscopic correlations. Next, we use coarse-graining of the simulation outputs to extract the collective velocity as a function of position and time, shedding light on the dynamical origin of this effect. Moreover, we demonstrate that the displacement between the proton and pion emission centers quantifies the strength of the rotation and propose it as a new signal of vorticity in heavy-ion collisions.