标题： 国际迁移与留守家庭的饮食多样性：来自印度的证据 显示英文标题

标题： International migration and dietary diversity of left-behind households: evidence from India

摘要： 在本文中，我们分析了国际移民对留守家庭食物消费和饮食多样性的影响。 使用2011年喀拉拉邦移民调查数据，我们研究了因国际移民而有移民的家庭是否比没有移民的家庭具有更高的消费支出和更丰富的饮食多样性。 我们使用普通最小二乘法和工具变量方法来回答这个问题。 主要发现是：a) 移民家庭的整体消费支出以及食品支出都更高；b) 我们发现国际移民导致了留守家庭饮食多样性的增加。 此外，我们探讨了对农村和城市家庭的食品子类别的支出影响。 我们发现，移民家庭在蛋白质（牛奶、豆类和鸡蛋、鱼和肉类）上的支出更多，同时他们在不健康饮食习惯（加工食品和即食食品）上的支出也更高。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper, we analyse the impact of international migration on the food consumption and dietary diversity of left-behind households. Using the Kerala migration survey 2011, we study whether households with emigrants (on account of international migration) have higher consumption expenditure and improved dietary diversity than their non-migrating counterparts. We use ordinary least square and instrumental variable approach to answer this question. The key findings are that: a) emigrant households have higher overall consumption expenditure as well as higher expenditure on food; b) we find that international migration leads to increase in the dietary diversity of left behind households. Further, we explore the effect on food sub-group expenditure for both rural and urban households. We find that emigrant households spend more on protein (milk, pulses and egg, fish and meat), at the same time there is higher spending on non-healthy food habits (processed and ready to eat food items) among them.