标题： 掺电子 Hubbard 模型中潜在超导性的有限温度特征 显示英文标题

标题： Finite-temperature signatures of underlying superconductivity in the electron-doped Hubbard model

摘要： 我们对Hubbard模型进行了数值精确的行列式量子蒙特卡洛模拟，并通过在虚时中点（$\tau=\beta/2$）评估关联函数来分析配对趋势，这抑制了高频权重并强调了低能物理。 利用此诊断方法，我们在电子掺杂情况下识别出底层$d$波超导性的明显有限温度特征，而在空穴掺杂冷却时未发现明显迹象。 我们的分析使能够直接与基态DMRG进行比较，揭示了一致的实空间配对模式。 这些结果提供了一种实用的方法，以弥合有限温度和基态Hubbard模型数值精确模拟之间的差距，尽管存在费米子符号问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We perform numerically exact determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Hubbard model and analyze pairing tendencies by evaluating correlation functions at the imaginary-time midpoint ($\tau=\beta/2$), which suppresses high-frequency weight and emphasizes low-energy physics. Using this diagnostic, we identify clear finite-temperature signatures of underlying $d$-wave superconductivity for electron doping, while finding no clear indication upon cooling for hole doping. Our analysis enables direct comparison with ground-state DMRG, revealing consistent real-space pairing patterns. These results provide a practical route to bridge the gap between finite-temperature and ground-state numerically exact simulations of the Hubbard model despite the fermion sign problem.