标题： 多轨道超导体中宏观相位的调制 显示英文标题

标题： Tuning macroscopic phase frustration in multiorbital superconductors

摘要： 时间反演对称性破缺（TRSB）超导性已在越来越多的材料中被报道。在某些情况下，TRSB自然地来源于手性超导性，但在许多低对称系统中，这种解释并不成立。在这些后一种情况下，TRSB通常归因于不同费米面上多个超导能隙之间的相位挫败。然而，使这种挫败成为可能的微观条件仍然了解甚少。在这里，受铁基材料超导态中报道的TRSB启发，我们证明了一个最小的两轨道模型可以通过相位挫败支持TRSB超导态。我们确定了在正交对称性的d电子系统中稳定TRSB的关键微观参数，并提供了一个框架，以系统地扩展在具有其他电子内容和晶体对称性的材料中预期出现TRSB的参数空间区域。我们的结果为理解和控制多轨道超导体中的TRSB提供了一种简单且实验相关的途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Time-reversal symmetry-breaking (TRSB) superconductivity has been reported in a growing number of materials. In some cases, TRSB arises naturally from chiral superconductivity, but in many low-symmetry systems this explanation is not viable. In these latter cases, TRSB is often attributed to phase frustration among multiple superconducting gaps on different Fermi surfaces. Yet, the microscopic conditions enabling such frustration remain poorly understood. Here, inspired by the TRSB reported in the superconducting state of iron-based materials, we demonstrate that a minimal two-orbital model can support a TRSB superconducting state via phase frustration. We identify the key microscopic parameters that stabilize TRSB in d-electron systems with orthorhombic symmetry and provide a framework to systematically enlarge the region of parameter space within which TRSB is expected in materials with other electronic content and crystalline symmetries. Our results offer a simple and experimentally relevant route to understand and control TRSB in multiorbital superconductors.