标题： 室温下长寿命的巨环里德伯原子 显示英文标题

标题： Long-lived giant circular Rydberg atoms at room temperature

摘要： 通过大角动量实现的稳定性在自然界中普遍存在，从经典力学、光学和化学到核物理都有例子。 在原子中，角动量可以通过选择规则保护激发的电子轨道免于衰减。 这在高度激发的里德伯态中表现得尤为明显。 低角动量的里德伯态是近期在中性原子量子计算、模拟和传感方面取得突破的核心。 对于这些应用，里德伯能级的寿命设定了门保真度、相干时间和光谱精度的基本限制。 追求更长的里德伯态寿命促使了圆周里德伯原子的生成、相干控制和捕获，这些原子具有最大允许的电子轨道动量，并且是单原子和光子诺贝尔奖级实验的关键。 在此，我们报告观察到单独捕获的圆周里德伯原子，其寿命超过10毫秒，比已建立的低角动量轨道长两个数量级。 这是通过室温下黑体模式的普尔塞特抑制实现的。 我们相干控制了迄今为止难以达到的主量子数高达$n=103$的个别圆周里德伯能级，并观察到了在数百毫秒尺度上的光镊捕获。 我们的结果为利用极端寿命和巨大里德伯阻塞相结合的量子信息处理和传感铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Stability achieved by large angular momentum is ubiquitous in nature, with examples ranging from classical mechanics, over optics and chemistry, to nuclear physics. In atoms, angular momentum can protect excited electronic orbitals from decay due to selection rules. This manifests spectacularly in highly excited Rydberg states. Low angular momentum Rydberg states are at the heart of recent breakthroughs in quantum computing, simulation and sensing with neutral atoms. For these applications the lifetime of the Rydberg levels sets fundamental limits for gate fidelities, coherence times, or spectroscopic precision. The quest for longer Rydberg state lifetimes has motivated the generation, coherent control and trapping of circular Rydberg atoms, which are characterized by the maximally allowed electron orbital momentum and were key to Nobel prize-winning experiments with single atoms and photons. Here, we report the observation of individually trapped circular Rydberg atoms with lifetimes of more than 10 milliseconds, two orders of magnitude longer-lived than the established low angular momentum orbitals. This is achieved via Purcell suppression of blackbody modes at room temperature. We coherently control individual circular Rydberg levels at so far elusive principal quantum numbers of up to $n=103$, and observe tweezer trapping of the Rydberg atoms on the few hundred millisecond scale. Our results pave the way for quantum information processing and sensing utilizing the combination of extreme lifetimes and giant Rydberg blockade.