标题： 分解评分：奥运霹雳舞的评分者间信度和国家偏见 显示英文标题

标题： Breaking Down the Scoring: Interrater Reliability and National Bias in Olympic Breaking

摘要： 介绍：2024年巴黎奥运会将Breaking纳入比赛项目，引入了一种独特的竞赛形式，其中两名运动员在战斗轮次中进行一对一的对抗。 与其他审美类运动不同，这些运动中运动员会根据其表现获得独立评分，而Breaking的裁判则根据五个预定义的评估方面来评估两名选手之间的相对表现质量。 这可能会显著增加他们的认知负担，并需要对裁判的可靠性以及潜在的国家偏见进行深入研究，国家偏见指的是裁判倾向于支持来自自己国家的运动员。 方法： 分析了2024年奥运会Breaking项目的官方评分数据。 使用组内相关系数评估评分者间的一致性，而国家偏见则基于裁判的个人评分使用混合效应模型进行估计。 结果：分析结果显示Breaking的评分者间一致性较低至中等，明显低于其他审美类运动中报告的水平。 此外，检测到显著的国家偏见，裁判表现出系统性地倾向于支持来自自己国家的运动员。 讨论：尽管观察到的国家偏见程度显著，但可能对最终比赛结果的影响有限，而相对较低的评分者间一致性突显了当前评分框架中的潜在弱点，可能需要改进。 然而，Breaking将裁判评分聚合为离散投票的独特体系似乎减少了个别裁判对比赛结果的影响，从而增强了该系统的抗单方面评分操纵能力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Introduction: The inclusion of Breaking in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games introduced a distinctive competition format in which two athletes compete head-to-head in battle rounds. Unlike other aesthetic sports, where athletes receive independent scores for their performances, Breaking judges assess the relative performance quality between two competitors across five predefined evaluation aspects. This may considerably increase their cognitive load and warrants a thorough examination of judging reliability and potential national bias, the tendency of judges to favor athletes from their own country. Methods: Official scoring data from the 2024 Olympic Breaking events were analyzed. Interrater reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, while national bias was estimated using mixed-effects modelling based on judges' individual scores. Results: The analyses revealed low to moderate interrater reliability in Breaking, notably lower than levels reported in other aesthetic sports. Moreover, substantial national bias was detected, with judges displaying a systematic tendency to favor athletes from their own country. Discussion: Although the observed national bias, despite its notable magnitude, likely had only a limited effect on final competition outcomes, the relatively low interrater reliability highlights potential weaknesses in the current scoring framework that may warrant refinement. Nonetheless, Breaking's unique system of aggregating judges' scores into discrete votes appears to reduce the influence of individual judges on competition outcomes, thereby enhancing the system's robustness against unilateral score manipulation.