标题： 问题的问题：在线协商过程中的表示审计 显示英文标题

标题： Question the Questions: Auditing Representation in Online Deliberative Processes

摘要： 许多协商过程（如公民大会和协商民意调查）的一个核心特点是参与者有机会直接与专家互动。 虽然通常会邀请参与者提出问题供专家小组讨论，但由于时间限制，只能选择有限数量的问题。 这引发了如何选择一组最能代表所有参与者利益的问题的挑战。 我们引入了一个审计框架，用于测量问题列表提供的代表性水平，该框架基于社会选择概念中的合理代表性（JR）。 我们提出了第一个在一般效用设置下审计JR的算法，我们最高效的算法运行时间为$O(mn\log n)$，其中$n$是参与者的数量，$m$是提出的問題數量。 我们将我们的审计方法应用于历史协商，比较了（a）由主持人选择的实际向专家小组提出的问题，（b）通过整数线性规划选择的参与者问题，（c）由大型语言模型（LLMs）生成的摘要问题的代表性。 我们的结果突显了LLMs在支持协商过程方面的潜力和当前局限性。 通过将我们的方法集成到一个在线协商平台中，该平台已在50多个国家进行了数百次协商，我们使从业者在未来协商中审计和提高代表性变得容易。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A central feature of many deliberative processes, such as citizens' assemblies and deliberative polls, is the opportunity for participants to engage directly with experts. While participants are typically invited to propose questions for expert panels, only a limited number can be selected due to time constraints. This raises the challenge of how to choose a small set of questions that best represent the interests of all participants. We introduce an auditing framework for measuring the level of representation provided by a slate of questions, based on the social choice concept known as justified representation (JR). We present the first algorithms for auditing JR in the general utility setting, with our most efficient algorithm achieving a runtime of $O(mn\log n)$, where $n$ is the number of participants and $m$ is the number of proposed questions. We apply our auditing methods to historical deliberations, comparing the representativeness of (a) the actual questions posed to the expert panel (chosen by a moderator), (b) participants' questions chosen via integer linear programming, (c) summary questions generated by large language models (LLMs). Our results highlight both the promise and current limitations of LLMs in supporting deliberative processes. By integrating our methods into an online deliberation platform that has been used for over hundreds of deliberations across more than 50 countries, we make it easy for practitioners to audit and improve representation in future deliberations.