标题： 格点量子色动力学对 confinement 和 hadrons 的研究 显示英文标题

标题： Lattice QCD Study for Confinement and Hadrons

摘要： 利用SU(3)格点QCD，我们详细研究了三夸克和多夸克势。 通过对超过300种不同模式的3夸克系统的精确计算，发现静止基态3夸克势 $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ 可以用库仑加Y型线性势（Y假设）来很好地描述，偏差在1%以内。 作为Y假设的明确证据，在最大阿贝尔投影QCD中实际上观察到了Y型通量管的形成。 对于约100种3夸克系统的模式，我们在存在三个夸克的情况下对第1激发态3夸克势 $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$ 进行了精确计算，并发现了大约1GeV的巨大胶子激发能量 $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q} \equiv V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}-V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$，这为夸克模型的成功提供了物理原因。 发现 $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q}$ 可以通过“逆梅赛德斯假设”来再现，这表明胶子激发模式存在复杂的整体激发。 我们还在格点QCD中研究了四夸克和五夸克势，发现它们可以用OGE库仑加多Y型线性势很好地描述，这支持了即使在多夸克情况下也存在通量管图像。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Using SU(3) lattice QCD, we perform the detailed studies of the three-quark and the multi-quark potentials. From the accurate calculation for more than 300 different patterns of 3Q systems, the static ground-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ is found to be well described by the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential (Y-Ansatz) within 1%-level deviation. As a clear evidence for Y-Ansatz, Y-type flux-tube formation is actually observed on the lattice in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. For about 100 patterns of 3Q systems, we perform the accurate calculation for the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$ by diagonalizing the QCD Hamiltonian in the presence of three quarks, and find a large gluonic-excitation energy $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q} \equiv V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}-V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ of about 1 GeV, which gives a physical reason of the success of the quark model. $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q}$ is found to be reproduced by the ``inverse Mercedes Ansatz'', which indicates a complicated bulk excitation for the gluonic-excitation mode. We study also the tetra-quark and the penta-quark potentials in lattice QCD, and find that they are well described by the OGE Coulomb plus multi-Y type linear potential, which supports the flux-tube picture even for the multi-quarks.