标题： sphaleron 和其他从冷却得到的鞍点 显示英文标题

标题： Sphalerons and Other Saddles from Cooling

摘要： 我们描述了一种用于SU(2)格点规范理论的新冷却算法。该算法以能量或作用量泛函的任何临界点作为不动点。特别是，可能出现任意数量的不稳定模态。我们还提供了对冷却算法收敛性的见解。将讨论若干解，特别是对于扭曲和周期性边界条件的瞬子解，这些对于规范理论的低能动力学非常重要。对于单位立方体积，我们发现扭曲和周期性情况下的瞬子能分别为$\cE_s=34.148(2)$和$\cE_s=72.605(2)$。值得注意的是，周期性瞬子解的磁场在所有点处满足$\Tr B_x^2=\Tr B_y^2=\Tr B_z^2$。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We describe a new cooling algorithm for SU(2) lattice gauge theory. It has any critical point of the energy or action functional as a fixed point. In particular, any number of unstable modes may occur. We also provide insight in the convergence of the cooling algorithms. A number of solutions will be discussed, in particular the sphalerons for twisted and periodic boundary conditions which are important for the low-energy dynamics of gauge theories. For a unit cubic volume we find a sphaleron energy of resp. $\cE_s=34.148(2)$ and $\cE_s=72.605(2)$ for the twisted and periodic case. Remarkably, the magnetic field for the periodic sphaleron satisfies at all points $\Tr B_x^2=\Tr B_y^2=\Tr B_z^2$.