标题： 一阶手性相变在高能碰撞中的研究：成核能否阻止旋节分解？ 显示英文标题

标题： First-Order Chiral Phase Transition in High-Energy Collisions: Can Nucleation Prevent Spinodal Decomposition?

摘要： 我们讨论在低能QCD的有效场论方法中的一阶手性相变中的均匀成核。精确的衰变率和气泡轮廓通过数值方法获得，并与使用薄壁近似得到的解析结果进行比较。对于任何程度的过冷，薄壁近似都会高估成核率。计算了临界热涨落的时间尺度，并与高能强子或重离子碰撞中的典型膨胀时间进行比较。我们发现显著的过冷是可能的，相变的相关机制可能是旋节分解。还讨论了一些超冷却的潜在实验信号，例如标量凝聚的关联长度增加。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss homogeneous nucleation in a first-order chiral phase transition within an effective field theory approach to low-energy QCD. Exact decay rates and bubble profiles are obtained numerically and compared to analytic results obtained with the thin-wall approximation. The thin-wall approximation overestimates the nucleation rate for any degree of supercooling. The time scale for critical thermal fluctuations is calculated and compared to typical expansion times for high-energy hadronic or heavy-ion collisions. We find that significant supercooling is possible, and the relevant mechanism for phase conversion might be that of spinodal decomposition. Some potential experimental signatures of supercooling, such as an increase in the correlation length of the scalar condensate, are also discussed.