标题： 手征微扰理论简介 显示英文标题

标题： Introduction to Chiral Perturbation Theory

摘要： 本文提供了手征微扰理论基本概念的教学介绍，并设计为该主题的两学期课程教材。 第一章作为一般性介绍，阐述了导致手征微扰理论发展的经验性和理论性基础。 第二章讨论了QCD及其在手征极限下的全局对称性；详细阐述了反映底层手征对称性的格林函数和Ward恒等式概念。 在第三章中，讨论了全局对称性自发破缺的概念，并通过Goldstone定理展示了其后果。 第四章讨论了介子手征微扰理论，概述了构建手征拉格朗日量所涉及的原则。 给出了各种具有逐渐增加的手征阶数和复杂度的例子。 最后，在第五章中，方法被扩展以包括单重子区段中Goldstone玻色子与重子之间的相互作用，主要强调重子形式的处理。 最后，讨论了相对论框架中的红外正则化方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This article provides a pedagogical introduction to the basic concepts of chiral perturbation theory and is designed as a text for a two-semester course on that topic. Chapter 1 serves as a general introduction to the empirical and theoretical foundations which led to the development of chiral perturbation theory. Chapter 2 deals with QCD and its global symmetries in the chiral limit; the concept of Green functions and Ward identities reflecting the underlying chiral symmetry is elaborated. In Chap. 3 the idea of a spontaneous breakdown of a global symmetry is discussed and its consequences in terms of the Goldstone theorem are demonstrated. Chapter 4 deals with mesonic chiral perturbation theory and the principles entering the construction of the chiral Lagrangian are outlined. Various examples with increasing chiral orders and complexity are given. Finally, in Chap. 5 the methods are extended to include the interaction between Goldstone bosons and baryons in the single-baryon sector, with the main emphasis put on the heavy-baryon formulation. At the end, the method of infrared regularization in the relativistic framework is discussed.