标题： 从拉格朗日量的规范不变性得出电荷量子化：重子数破坏标量相互作用的目录 显示英文标题

标题： Electric charge quantisation from gauge invariance of a Lagrangian: A catalogue of baryon number violating scalar interactions

摘要： 在像标准模型这样的规范理论中，费米子的电荷可以从理论的经典结构和反常的抵消中受到严格限制。 然而，有越来越多的证据表明，这些反常约束并不像经典约束那样有说服力。 鉴于此，我们讨论了对最小标准模型可能的修改，这些修改仅从经典约束出发就能给我们完整的电荷量化。 由于这些对标准模型的修改涉及涉及重子数破坏的标量相互作用，因此我们提供了一个完整的目录，列出最简单的方式来修改标准模型以引入显式的重子数破坏。 这对于质子衰变搜索和重子生成具有重要意义。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In gauge theories like the standard model, the electric charges of the fermions can be heavily constrained from the classical structure of the theory and from the cancellation of anomalies. There is however mounting evidence suggesting that these anomaly constraints are not as well motivated as the classical constraints. In light of this we discuss possible modifications of the minimal standard model which will give us complete electric charge quantisation from classical constraints alone. Because these modifications to the standard model involve the consideration of baryon number violating scalar interactions, we present a complete catalogue of the simplest ways to modify the standard model so as to introduce explicit baryon number violation. This has implications for proton decay searches and baryogenesis.