标题： 热平衡量热计——简介 显示英文标题

标题： Thermal Equilibrium Calorimeters -- An Introduction

摘要： 近平衡热探测器作为经典的量热计运行，其能量沉积和内部平衡时间远短于设备的热时间常数。 制造技术、低温技术和电子学的进步使得以空前的灵敏度和精确度测量沉积能量成为可能。 在本章中，我们将讨论这些设备的性能考虑因素，包括最优滤波和能量分辨率计算。 我们从理想电阻温度计的简单平衡量热计的基本理论开始。 这为我们简要讨论电热反馈、其他噪声源、各种非理想效应以及非线性提供了一个起点。 然后我们描述其他类型的温度计，并展示它们如何融入这一理论框架，以及为何可能需要不同的优化和优值指标。 本讨论的大部分内容同样适用于功率探测器（即热电堆），其中探测器的时间常数可能短于入射信号功率的变化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Near-equilibrium thermal detectors operate as classical calorimeters, with energy deposition and internal equilibration times short compared to the thermal time constant of the device. Advances in fabrication techniques, cryogenics, and electronics have made it practical to measure deposited energy with unprecedented sensitivity and precision. In this chapter we discuss performance considerations for these devices, including optimal filtering and energy resolution calculations. We begin with the basic theory of simple equilibrium calorimeters with ideal resistive thermometers. This provides a starting point for a brief discussion of electrothermal feedback, other noise sources, various non-ideal effects, and nonlinearity. We then describe other types of thermometers and show how they fit into this theoretical framework and why they may require different optimizations and figures of merit. Most of this discussion is applicable also to power detectors, or bolometers, where the detector time constants may be short compared to variations in the incident signal power.