标题： 电磁波在横截面变化的波导和色散介质中的分位数运动 显示英文标题

标题： Quantile motion of electromagnetic waves in wave guides of varying cross section and dispersive media

摘要： 我们讨论轨迹和速度的分位数概念在变化截面波导中电磁信号传播的应用。 分位数运动是量子力学以及经典电动力学中可测量守恒量输运性质的通用描述。 在后一种情况下，我们将电磁能量的分位数运动视为物理测量的直接结果。 从这个意义上说，即使在传播介质中存在障碍物和不均匀性时，分位数速度也对应于电磁信号速度。 我们证明这种信号速度总是小于真空中光速。 通过数值例子，我们展示如何用分位数运动来描述典型的波现象。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss applications of the quantile concept of trajectories and velocities to the propagation of electromagnetic signals in wave guides of varying cross section. Quantile motion is a general description of the transport properties of measurable conserved quantities in quantum mechanics as well as in classical electrodynamics. In the latter case we consider the quantile motion of electromagnetic energy as the direct result of a physical measurement. In this sense the quantile velocity corresponds to the electromagnetic signal velocity also in the presence of barriers and inhomogeneities in the medium of propagation. We show that this signal velocity is always smaller than the speed of light in vacuum. Using numerical examples we demonstrate how typical wave phenomena can be described in terms of the quantile motion.