Title: When Coincidence has Meaning: Understanding Emergence Through Networks of Information Token Recurrence Show Chinese title

Title: 当巧合有意义：通过信息标记重复的网络理解涌现

Abstract: In this paper I conceptualise a novel approach for capturing coincidences between events that have not necessarily an observed causal relationship. Building on the Transcendental Information Cascades approach I outline a tensor theory of the interaction between rare micro-level events and macro-level system changes. Afterwards, I discuss a number of application areas that are promising candidates for the validation of the theoretical assumptions outlined here in practice. This is preliminary work that is sought to lay the foundation to discover universal mathematical properties of coincidences that have a measurable impact on the macroscopic state of a complex system and are therefore to be considered meaningful. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 在本文中，我概念化了一种新的方法，用于捕捉事件之间的巧合，这些事件不一定有观察到的因果关系。 基于超越信息级联的方法，我概述了罕见微观层面事件与宏观层面系统变化之间相互作用的张量理论。 随后，我讨论了一些应用领域，这些领域是本研究中所概述的理论假设在实践中验证的有前景的候选者。 这是一项初步工作，旨在为发现对复杂系统的宏观状态有可测量影响的巧合的普遍数学特性奠定基础，因此应被视为有意义的。