Title: Epistemic integration and social segregation of AI in neuroscience Show Chinese title

Title: 知识整合与人工智能在神经科学中的社会分离

Abstract: In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows a spectacular ability of insertion inside a variety of disciplines which use it for scientific advancements and which sometimes improve it for their conceptual and methodological needs. According to the transverse science framework originally conceived by Shinn and Joerges, AI can be seen as an instrument which is progressively acquiring an universal character through its diffusion across science. In this paper we address empirically one aspect of this diffusion, namely the penetration of AI into a specific field of research. Taking neuroscience as a case study, we conduct a scientometric analysis of the development of AI in this field We especially study the temporal egocentric citation network around the articles included in this literature, their represented journals and their authors linked together by a temporal collaboration network. We find that AI is driving the constitution of a particular disciplinary ecosystem in neuroscience which is distinct from other subfields when regarding the references, and which is gathering atypical scientific profiles who are coming from neuroscience or outside it. Moreover we observe that this AI community in neuroscience is socially confined in a specific zone of the neuroscience collaboration network, which is also keeping to publish in a small set of dedicated journals that are mostly active in AI research. According to these results, the diffusion of AI in a discipline such as neuroscience didn't really challenge its disciplinary orientations but rather induced the constitution of a dedicated socio-cognitive workforce inside this field. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 近年来，人工智能（AI）在各种使用它的学科中显示出惊人的能力，它被用于科学进步，并且有时为了其概念和方法论的需求而得到改进。 根据Shinn和Joerges最初构想的横向科学框架，AI可以被视为一种工具，通过其在科学领域的扩散，逐渐获得普遍性特征。 在本文中，我们从实证角度探讨了这种扩散的一个方面，即人工智能进入特定研究领域的情况。 以神经科学为例，我们对这一领域中人工智能的发展进行了科学计量分析。我们特别研究了该文献中文章的时空自我中心引用网络、所代表的期刊以及通过时间合作网络相互关联的作者。 我们发现，人工智能正在推动神经科学中一个特定学科生态系统的形成，这个生态系统在参考文献方面与其他子领域不同，并且聚集了来自神经科学或外部的非典型科学人物。 此外，我们观察到，神经科学中的AI社区在社交上被限制在神经科学合作网络的一个特定区域，该区域也倾向于在一小部分专门的期刊上发表论文，这些期刊大多活跃于人工智能研究。 根据这些结果，人工智能在神经科学等学科中的扩散并没有真正挑战其学科方向，而是在这个领域内部促成了一个专门的社会认知劳动力的形成。