Title: Epistemic integration and social segregation of AI in neuroscience Show Chinese title

Title: 认知整合与人工智能在神经科学中的社会隔离

Abstract: In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows a spectacular ability of insertion inside a variety of disciplines which use it for scientific advancements and which sometimes improve it for their conceptual and methodological needs. According to the transverse science framework originally conceived by Shinn and Joerges, AI can be seen as an instrument which is progressively acquiring a universal character through its diffusion across science. In this paper we address empirically one aspect of this diffusion, namely the penetration of AI into a specific field of research. Taking neuroscience as a case study, we conduct a scientometric analysis of the development of AI in this field. We especially study the temporal egocentric citation network around the articles included in this literature, their represented journals and their authors linked together by a temporal collaboration network. We find that AI is driving the constitution of a particular disciplinary ecosystem in neuroscience which is distinct from other subfields, and which is gathering atypical scientific profiles who are coming from neuroscience or outside it. Moreover we observe that this AI community in neuroscience is socially confined in a specific subspace of the neuroscience collaboration network, which also publishes in a small set of dedicated journals that are mostly active in AI research. According to these results, the diffusion of AI in a discipline such as neuroscience didn't really challenge its disciplinary orientations but rather induced the constitution of a dedicated socio-cognitive environment inside this field. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 近年来，人工智能（AI）在各种使用它的学科中展现出惊人的能力，这些学科利用它进行科学进步，并且有时为了其概念和方法论的需求而改进它。 根据Shinn和Joerges最初构想的横断科学框架，人工智能可以被视为一种工具，通过其在科学领域的扩散，逐渐获得普遍性特征。 在本文中，我们从实证角度探讨了这种扩散的一个方面，即人工智能进入特定研究领域的情况。 以神经科学为例，我们对这一领域中人工智能的发展进行了科学计量分析。 我们特别研究了该文献中文章周围的历时中心引用网络，以及它们所代表的期刊和由历时合作网络连接的作者。 我们发现，人工智能正在推动神经科学中一个特定学科生态系统的形成，这个生态系统与其他子领域不同，并且聚集了来自神经科学内部或外部的非典型科学人才。 此外，我们观察到，神经科学中的AI社区在神经科学合作网络的一个特定子空间中社会性地被限制，这些社区也主要在一小部分专注于AI研究的期刊上发表论文。 根据这些结果，人工智能在神经科学等学科中的扩散并没有真正挑战其学科方向，而是在这个领域内部引发了专门的社会认知环境的形成。