标题： 二次型的SOS秩 显示英文标题

标题： The SOS Rank of Biquadratic Forms

摘要： 1973年，Calderón证明了一个$m \times 2$正半定（psd）双二次型总是可以表示为${3m(m+1) \over 2}$二次型的平方和（sos）。 最近，通过应用希尔伯特定理，我们证明了一个$2 \times 2$正半定双二次型总是可以表示为三个二次型的平方和。 这改进了Calderón对于$m=2$的结果，并将$m \times 2$双二次型的sos秩问题留给了$m \ge 3$进一步探索。 In this paper, we show that an $m \times n$ psd biquadratic form with a nontrivial zero {可以} be expressed as an $(m-1) \times (n-1) \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form. Furthermore, we show that an $m \times 2$ positive definite (pd) biquadratic form can be expressed as the sum of a square of a quadratic form, and an $(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form. Thus, the sos rank problem of $m \times 2$ psd biquadratic forms is reduced to the sos rank problem of an $(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic forms. 我们然后证明，一个$(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$退化的三部分四次型至少有两个非平凡零点，而一个$2 \times 1 \times 1$退化的三部分四次型的判别式可以表示为三个三次型的平方和。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In 1973, Calder\'{o}n proved that an $m \times 2$ positive semidefinite (psd) biquadratic form can always be expressed as the sum of squares (sos) of ${3m(m+1) \over 2}$ quadratic forms. Very recently, by applying Hilbert's theorem, we proved that a $2 \times 2$ psd biquadratic form can always be expressed as the sum of squares of three quadratic forms. This improved Calder\'{o}n's result for $m=2$, and left the sos rank problem of $m \times 2$ biquadratic forms for $m \ge 3$ to further exploration. In this paper, we show that an $m \times n$ psd biquadratic form with a nontrivial zero {can} be expressed as an $(m-1) \times (n-1) \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form. Furthermore, we show that an $m \times 2$ positive definite (pd) biquadratic form can be expressed as the sum of a square of a quadratic form, and an $(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form. Thus, the sos rank problem of $m \times 2$ psd biquadratic forms is reduced to the sos rank problem of an $(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic forms. We then show that an $(m-1) \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form has at least two nontrivial zeros, and the discriminent of a $2 \times 1 \times 1$ degenerated tripartite quartic form can be expressed as the sum of the square of three cubic forms.