标题： 生命物理学：探索信息作为生命系统的独特特征 显示英文标题

标题： The Physics of Life: Exploring Information as a Distinctive Feature of Living Systems

摘要： 本文探讨了信息是生命系统的一个本质且独特的特征这一观点。与非生命系统不同，生命系统积极地获取、处理和利用关于环境的信息，以响应变化的条件、维持自身，并实现其他内在目标。我们讨论了相关的理论框架，如“语义信息”和“信息的适合度价值”。我们还强调了我们这一观点对生命起源研究和 astrobiology（天体生物学）等领域的更广泛影响。特别是，我们触及到向信息驱动系统的转变作为非生物生成的关键步骤，信息约束作为行星宜居性的决定因素，以及检测地球外生命的信息生物标志。我们简要讨论了提供机会在受控环境中研究这些理论概念的实验平台。通过整合理论和实验方法，这一观点推动了我们对生命信息动力学及其在各种科学领域中的普遍原则的理解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper explores the idea that information is an essential and distinctive feature of living systems. Unlike non-living systems, living systems actively acquire, process, and use information about their environments to respond to changing conditions, sustain themselves, and achieve other intrinsic goals. We discuss relevant theoretical frameworks such as ``semantic information'' and ``fitness value of information''. We also highlight the broader implications of our perspective for fields such as origins-of-life research and astrobiology. In particular, we touch on the transition to information-driven systems as a key step in abiogenesis, informational constraints as determinants of planetary habitability, and informational biosignatures for detecting life beyond Earth. We briefly discuss experimental platforms which offer opportunities to investigate these theoretical concepts in controlled environments. By integrating theoretical and experimental approaches, this perspective advances our understanding of life's informational dynamics and its universal principles across diverse scientific domains.