标题： 竞争在空间资源梯度上的图论 显示英文标题

标题： A graphical theory of competition on spatial resource gradients

摘要： 资源竞争是自然群落中的基本相互作用。然而，对于生物能够调节资源分布的空间环境中竞争的了解仍然很少。 在这里，我们分析了在从相反两侧供应资源的一维生境中，两个消费者对两种资源的竞争。 我们表明，入侵物种的成功在很大程度上取决于本地物种所形成的资源梯度的斜率。 我们的分析显示，在均匀环境中导致共存的参数组合可能在空间系统中有利于替代稳定状态，反之亦然。 此外，生长率、死亡率或扩散能力的差异使一个消费者能够与资源需求较低的竞争者稳定共存，甚至击败它。 将我们的理论应用于浮游植物模型，我们解释了由环境变化引起的群落结构的变化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Resource competition is a fundamental interaction in natural communities.However little is known about competition in spatial environments where organisms are able to regulate resource distributions. Here, we analyze the competition of two consumers for two resources in a one-dimensional habitat in which the resources are supplied from opposite sides. We show that the success of an invading species crucially depends on the slope of the resource gradients shaped by the resident. Our analysis reveals that parameter combinations which lead to coexistence in a uniform environment may favor alternative stable states in a spatial system, and vice versa. Furthermore, differences in growth rate, mortality or dispersal abilities allow a consumer to coexist stationarily with - or even outcompete - a competitor with lower resource requirements. Applying our theory to a phytoplankton model, we explain shifts in the community structure that are induced by environmental changes.