标题： 永磁体包括波荡器和摆动器 显示英文标题

标题： Permanent magnets including undulators and wigglers

摘要： 在对磁性材料的一些历史评论之后，我们介绍了与永磁体相关的基本定义。 最常见的材料的磁性得到了回顾，生产过程也被描述了。 介绍了用于表征永磁体宏观和微观特性的测量技术。 讨论了永磁体装置的场仿真技术。 如今，永磁体被应用于许多领域。 本文重点介绍了永磁体在加速器中的应用，从二极磁铁和四极磁铁到波荡器和扰动器。 显示英文摘要

摘要： After a few historic remarks on magnetic materials we introduce the basic definitions related to permanent magnets. The magnetic properties of the most common materials are reviewed and the production processes are described. Measurement techniques for the characterization of macroscopic and microscopic properties of permanent magnets are presented. Field simulation techniques for permanent magnet devices are discussed. Today, permanent magnets are used in many fields. This article concentrates on the applications of permanent magnets in accelerators starting from dipoles and quadrupoles on to wigglers and undulators.