标题： 我们是否需要一场科学革命？ 显示英文标题

标题： Do We Need a Scientific Revolution?

摘要： 许多人认为现代科学存在严重的缺陷，包括智力、社会和道德方面的缺陷。 很少有人认为这与科学哲学有任何关系。 我认为，现代科学的许多弊端是由于科学界长期接受并试图实施一种不良的科学哲学，我称之为标准经验主义。 这种观点认为基本的智力目标是真理，基本的方法是对知识主张进行公正的评估，以证据为基础。 然而，标准经验主义是不可成立的。 此外，试图将其付诸科学实践对科学产生了许多有害的后果。 科学界迫切需要在对科学的理解以及科学本身方面实现一场革命。 需要承认的是，科学的实际目标包含了形而上学、价值和政治假设，因此从根本上来说是存在问题的。 科学需要在推进过程中尝试改进其目标和方法。 需要摒弃标准经验主义，并采用更为严谨的以目标为导向的经验主义科学哲学，并将其明确地应用于科学实践中。 结果将是出现一种新型的科学，在智力和人道主义方面都具有更高的价值。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Many see modern science as having serious defects, intellectual, social, moral. Few see this as having anything to do with the philosophy of science. I argue that many diverse ills of modern science are a consequence of the fact that the scientific community has long accepted, and sought to implement, a bad philosophy of science, which I call standard empiricism. This holds that the basic intellectual aim is truth, the basic method being impartial assessment of claims to knowledge with respect to evidence. Standard empiricism is, however, untenable. Furthermore, the attempt to put it into scientific practice has many damaging consequences for science. The scientific community urgently needs to bring about a revolution in both the conception of science, and science itself. It needs to be acknowledged that the actual aims of science make metaphysical, value and political assumptions and are, as a result, deeply problematic. Science needs to try to improve its aims and methods as it proceeds. Standard empiricism needs to be rejected, and the more rigorous philosophy of science of aim-oriented empiricism needs to be adopted and explicitly implemented in scientific practice instead. The outcome would be the emergence of a new kind of science, of greater value in both intellectual and humanitarian terms.