标题： 生命的解决方案并非理想 显示英文标题

标题： Life's Solutions are Not Ideal

摘要： 生命发生在离子溶液中，而不是纯水中。 这些溶液的离子混合物与水有很大不同，并对生物系统的细胞和分子产生显著影响，但理论和模拟无法计算它们的性质。 我认为原因是现有理论源于理想或简单气体的经典理论，在第一近似下，原子之间没有相互作用。 甚至质量作用定律也描述反应物，就好像它们是理想气体一样。 我建议离子溶液的理论应从复杂流体的理论开始，因为该理论从一开始就设计用于处理相互作用。 复杂流体的变分理论特别适合描述类似于细胞内和细胞外溶液的混合物。 当一种组分或力被添加到溶液中时，该理论仅通过数学推导出一组偏微分方程，以自洽的方式捕捉由此产生的相互作用。 这样的理论已经得到实现，并在生物相关系统中显示出可计算性，但它尚未在平衡或流动状态下进行全面测试。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Life occurs in ionic solutions, not pure water. The ionic mixtures of these solutions are very different from water and have dramatic effects on the cells and molecules of biological systems, yet theories and simulations cannot calculate their properties. I suggest the reason is that existing theories stem from the classical theory of ideal or simple gases in which (to a first approximation) atoms do not interact. Even the law of mass action describes reactants as if they were ideal. I propose that theories of ionic solutions should start with the theory of complex fluids because that theory is designed to deal with interactions from the beginning. The variational theory of complex fluids is particularly well suited to describe mixtures like the solutions in and outside biological cells. When a component or force is added to a solution, the theory derives - by mathematics alone - a set of partial differential equations that captures the resulting interactions self-consistently. Such a theory has been implemented and shown to be computable in biologically relevant systems but it has not yet been thoroughly tested in equilibrium or flow.