标题： 时间依赖性环境中的适应度包括几何贡献 显示英文标题

标题： Fitness in time-dependent environments includes a geometric contribution

摘要： 表型进化意味着新基因组序列的顺序固定。 这些突变固定的速率在一定程度上取决于突变体与祖先的相对适应度（选择系数）。 使用一个简单的人口动力学模型，我们表明在动态环境中的相对适应度不等于在单个环境上平均的适应度。 相反，它包含一个明确依赖于环境序列的项。 这个项具有几何性质，并且仅取决于系统在环境状态空间中所采取轨迹所包围的有向面积。 它与经典和量子物理系统中广泛研究的几何相位有关。 我们讨论这些观察结果可能的生物学意义，重点在于新型代谢或抗压功能的进化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Phenotypic evolution implies sequential fixations of new genomic sequences. The speed at which these mutations fixate depends, in part, on the relative fitness (selection coefficient) of the mutant vs. the ancestor. Using a simple population dynamics model we show that the relative fitness in dynamical environments is not equal to the fitness averaged over individual environments. Instead it includes a term that explicitly depends on the sequence of the environments. This term is geometric in nature and depends only on the oriented area enclosed by the trajectory taken by the system in the environment state space. It is related to the well-studied geometric phases in classical and quantum physical systems. We discuss possible biological implications of these observations, focusing on evolution of novel metabolic or stress-resistant functions.