标题： 随机环境中的扩散进化与部分控制原理 显示英文标题

标题： The Evolution of Dispersal in Random Environments and The Principle of Partial Control

摘要： McNamara和Dall（2011）确定了物种在不同环境中的丰度、环境变化的时间特性以及扩散的选择或抑制之间的新关系。在这里，对其两环境模型中这些关系的数学基础进行了任意数量环境的分析。他们描述的效果被量化为适合度-丰度协方差。生命周期中种群被统计的阶段对于适合度-丰度协方差的含义至关重要。这些关系被证明与种群遗传学文献中关于遗传系统进化和迁移的减少原则有关。发现产生增加无条件扩散选择的条件是“部分控制原则”所描述的减少偏离的新实例，该原则是针对修饰基因进化的提出。根据这一原则，仅部分控制生物传递信息过程的变化可能被选择以增加这些过程。Karlin、Friedland、Elsner、Johnson和Neumann的数学方法在推广分析中起着核心作用。对模型适应景观的分析表明，条件扩散的进化对种群能够产生的遗传变异谱非常敏感，并建议对特定物种的实证研究需要评估其变异特性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： McNamara and Dall (2011) identified novel relationships between the abundance of a species in different environments, the temporal properties of environmental change, and selection for or against dispersal. Here, the mathematics underlying these relationships in their two-environment model are investigated for arbitrary numbers of environments. The effect they described is quantified as the fitness-abundance covariance. The phase in the life cycle where the population is censused is crucial for the implications of the fitness-abundance covariance. These relationships are shown to connect to the population genetics literature on the Reduction Principle for the evolution of genetic systems and migration. Conditions that produce selection for increased unconditional dispersal are found to be new instances of departures from reduction described by the "Principle of Partial Control" proposed for the evolution of modifier genes. According to this principle, variation that only partially controls the processes that transform the transmitted information of organisms may be selected to increase these processes. Mathematical methods of Karlin, Friedland, and Elsner, Johnson, and Neumann, are central in generalizing the analysis. Analysis of the adaptive landscape of the model shows that the evolution of conditional dispersal is very sensitive to the spectrum of genetic variation the population is capable of producing, and suggests that empirical study of particular species will require an evaluation of its variational properties.