标题： 国家出口流量的网络分析：经济基本构建块的坚实基础 显示英文标题

标题： A network analysis of countries' export flows: firm grounds for the building blocks of the economy

摘要： 在本文中，我们分析了来自联合国的国家和产品生产数据的二部网络。我们定义了国家-国家和产品-产品投影网络，并引入了一种基于元素相似性的信息过滤新方法。结果表明，国家聚类揭示了最具有竞争力国家之间意想不到的社会地理联系。同样地，产品聚类可以有效地用于自下而上的产品分类。此外，我们将Hidalgo和Hausmann引入的“反射方法”数学重新表述为一个固定点问题；这种表述突显了该方法的一些概念性弱点。为克服这一问题，我们引入了一种替代方法（基于有偏马尔可夫链），该方法可以以概念上一致的方式对国家进行排序。我们的分析揭示了国家多样化与其产品普遍性之间的强烈非线性相互作用，因此表明可能需要转向更高效和直接的非线性固定点算法，以在全球市场上对国家和产品进行排序。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper we analyze the bipartite network of countries and products from UN data on country production. We define the country-country and product-product projected networks and introduce a novel method of filtering information based on elements' similarity. As a result we find that country clustering reveals unexpected socio-geographic links among the most competing countries. On the same footings the products clustering can be efficiently used for a bottom-up classification of produced goods. Furthermore we mathematically reformulate the "reflections method" introduced by Hidalgo and Hausmann as a fixpoint problem; such formulation highlights some conceptual weaknesses of the approach. To overcome such an issue, we introduce an alternative methodology (based on biased Markov chains) that allows to rank countries in a conceptually consistent way. Our analysis uncovers a strong non-linear interaction between the diversification of a country and the ubiquity of its products, thus suggesting the possible need of moving towards more efficient and direct non-linear fixpoint algorithms to rank countries and products in the global market.