标题： KATRIN：一项确定中微子质量的实验 显示英文标题

标题： KATRIN: an experiment to determine the neutrino mass

摘要： KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino（KATRIN）实验是一项新一代、与模型无关的大型实验，通过研究氚β衰变的动力学来确定中微子质量，其灵敏度为200 meV/c2。 测量装置包括一个高亮度无窗气态分子氚源（WGTS）、一个差分和低温泵送电子传输和氚保留部分、一个串联谱仪部分（预谱仪和主谱仪）用于能量分析，随后是一个用于计数透射β衰变电子的探测器系统。 为了达到所需的灵敏度，WGTS中的氚衰变活性约为10e11 Bq，需要在绝对值约为30 K的情况下，在注入压力和温度上保持0.1%的稳定性。凭借能够产生3.6 T轴向磁场的能力，WGTS将成为世界上最为复杂的超导磁体和低温恒温系统之一。 主谱仪（长度24米，直径10米），作为减速静电谱仪，将在18.6 keV处具有0.93 eV的能量分辨率。 为了在氚端点进行精确的能量分析，需要-18.6 kV的减速电位，并且具有1 ppm的稳定性。 为了达到实现灵敏度所需的背景水平，它将在10e-11 mbar的压力下运行。 本文将概述KATRIN实验及其当前状态。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a next generation, model independent, large scale experiment to determine the neutrino mass by investigating the kinematics of tritium beta-decay with a sensitivity of 200 meV/c2. The measurement setup consists of a high luminosity windowless gaseous molecular tritium source (WGTS), a differential and cryogenic pumped electron transport and tritium retention section, a tandem spectrometer section (pre-spectrometer and main spectrometer) for energy analysis, followed by a detector system for counting transmitted beta-decay electrons. To achieve the desired sensitivity, the WGTS, in which tritium decays with an activity of about 10e11 Bq, needs to be stable on the 0.1 % level in injection pressure and temperature at an absolute value of about 30 K. With the capability to create an axial magnetic field of 3.6 T the WGTS is going to be one of the world's most complex superconducting magnet and cryostat systems. The main spectrometer (length 24 m, diameter 10 m), which works as a retarding electrostatic spectrometer, will have an energy resolution of 0.93 eV at 18.6 keV. For the precise energy analysis at the tritium endpoint, a retarding potential of -18.6 kV is needed with 1 ppm stability. To reach the background level needed to achieve the sensitivity, it will be operated at a pressure of 10e-11 mbar. This article will give an overview of the KATRIN experiment and its current status.