标题： F-理论和M-理论视角下的四维N=2超对称规范理论 显示英文标题

标题： F-theory and M-theory perspectives on N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions

摘要： 对原始F理论背景的变形被提出。 这些导致了多个新的对偶性和物理现象。 我们集中在一个模型上，在这个模型中，我们将七维膜包裹在一个多中心Taub-NUT空间上，而不是R4。 这种构型为最近提出的四维N = 2超共形（SCFT）提供了一个成功的F理论嵌入，类似于Gaiotto的理论。 我们的构造捕获了Argyres-Seiberg对偶性、新Gaiotto对偶性以及Benini-Benvenuti和Tachikawa的膜网络方面的内容。 对于共形情况下的超重力理论也进行了简要讨论。 将我们的构造扩展到非共形情况，我们在具有N = 2超对称性的四维规范理论中发现了有趣的级联行为。 由于用IIB/F理论的语言分析这一意外现象相当困难，我们转向IIA/M理论描述，在这里N = 2级联的起源得到了澄清。 使用T对偶IIA膜语言，我们首先从研究在锥顶点处有p个规则和M个分数D3膜的IIB弦理论中的N = 1超对称级联规范理论开始。 我们重现了该理论的超对称真空结构。 我们也展示了Kachru、Pearson和Verlinde在IIB描述中发现的非超对称态的IIA类比在弦理论中是亚稳态的，但在场论极限下，隧穿到超对称真空的势垒趋向于无穷大。 然后，我们利用已发展的技术来分析与近奇异K3上的规则和分数D3膜对应的N = 2超对称规范理论，并阐明该理论中级联的起源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Deformations of the original F-theory background are proposed. These lead to multiple new dualities and physical phenomena. We concentrate on one model where we let seven-branes wrap a multi-centered Taub-NUT space instead of R4. This configuration provides a successful F-theory embedding of a class of recently proposed four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal (SCFT) \`a la Gaiotto. Aspects of Argyres- Seiberg duality, of the new Gaiotto duality, as well as of the branes network of Benini- Benvenuti and Tachikawa are captured by our construction. The supergravity theory for the conformal case is also briefly discussed. Extending our construction to the non-conformal case, we find interesting cascading behavior in four-dimensional gauge theories with N = 2 supersymmetry. Since the analysis of this unexpected phenomenon is quite difficult in the language of type IIB/F-theory, we turn to the type IIA/M-theory description where the origin of the N = 2 cascade is clarified. Using the T-dual type IIA brane language, we first start by studying the N = 1 supersymmetric cascading gauge theory found in type IIB string theory on p regular and M fractional D3-branes at the tip of the conifold. We reproduce the supersymmetric vacuum structure of this theory. We also show that the IIA analog of the non-supersymmetric state found by Kachru, Pearson and Verlinde in the IIB description is metastable in string theory, but the barrier for tunneling to the supersymmetric vacuum goes to infinity in the field theory limit. We then use the techniques we have developed to analyze the N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory corresponding to regular and fractional D3-branes on a near-singular K3, and clarify the origin of the cascade in this theory.