标题： 黑洞互补性和哈罗德-海登猜想 显示英文标题

标题： Black Hole Complementarity and the Harlow-Hayden Conjecture

摘要： 黑洞互补性，最初在1990年代由Preskill、't Hooft和我提出，现在正受到Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully的火墙论证的挑战。 AMPS的论证依赖于一个隐含的假设——“邻近公设”——该公设认为黑洞的内部必须由物理上接近黑洞的自由度构建。 邻近公设明显与内部信息与远离黑洞的霍金辐射中的信息冗余的观点相矛盾。 AMPS认为，违反邻近公设会导致一个思想实验中的矛盾，其中Alice提纯霍金辐射并将一个比特带回黑洞。 根据AMPS的说法，防止矛盾的唯一方法是在Page时间形成火墙。 但Alice必须进行的测量具有非常精细的性质，可能在黑洞蒸发之前无法完成。 Harlow和Hayden发现证据表明，量子计算的限制确实阻止Alice在少于指数时间的情况下完成她的实验。 如果他们的猜想正确，那么黑洞互补性可能仍然有效。 我的目标是概述火墙论证及其基于邻近公设的基础；以及基于计算复杂性的反论，这是Harlow和Hayden提出的猜想。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Black hole complementarity, as originally formulated in the 1990's by Preskill, 't Hooft, and myself is now being challenged by the Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully firewall argument. The AMPS argument relies on an implicit assumption---the ``proximity postulate---which says that the interior of a black hole must be constructed from degrees of freedom that are physically near the black hole. The proximity postulate manifestly contradicts the idea that interior information is redundant with information in Hawking radiation, which is very far from the black hole. AMPS argue that a violation of the proximity postulate would lead to a contradiction in a thought-experiment in which Alice distills the Hawking radiation and brings a bit back to the black hole. According to AMPS the only way to protect against the contradiction is for a firewall to form at the Page time. But the measurement that Alice must make, is of such a fine-grained nature that carrying it out before the black hole evaporates may be impossible. Harlow and Hayden have found evidence that the limits of quantum computation do in fact prevent Alice from carrying out her experiment in less than exponential time. If their conjecture is correct then black hole complementarity may be alive and well. My aim here is to give an overview of the firewall argument, and its basis in the proximity postulate; as well as the counterargument based on computational complexity, as conjectured by Harlow and Hayden.