标题： 生态系统的统计力学：中性理论及其他 显示英文标题

标题： Statistical Mechanics of Ecological Systems: Neutral Theory and Beyond

摘要： 最简单的理论往往有许多优点和许多局限性，在这种情况下，中性理论（NT）在过去15年里一直是一个争论的焦点。NT是由Stephen Hubbell在本世纪初提出，旨在解释生态系统组织中普遍存在的模式。它最初在生态学家中的接受度较低，但物理学家和数学家对此却表现出极大的热情。事实上，NT引发了几项理论研究，试图解释尚未被研究的数量的实证数据和预测趋势。虽然有一些面向生态学家的NT综述，但我们的目标是回顾NT及其扩展的定量结果，以供对了解NT是什么、它的成功之处以及仍有哪些重要问题未解决感兴趣的物理学家参考。此外，我们希望这篇综述也能引起理论生态学家的兴趣，因为许多潜在有趣的结果埋藏在庞大的NT文献中。我们建议通过提取这些结果并以逻辑的方式呈现，使它们更容易获取。最后，我们讨论了如何将现实的非中性元素引入当前模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The simplest theories often have much merit and many limitations, and in this vein, the value of Neutral Theory (NT) has been the subject of much debate over the past 15 years. NT was proposed at the turn of the century by Stephen Hubbell to explain pervasive patterns observed in the organization of ecosystems. Its originally tepid reception among ecologists contrasted starkly with the excitement it caused among physicists and mathematicians. Indeed, NT spawned several theoretical studies that attempted to explain empirical data and predicted trends of quantities that had not yet been studied. While there are a few reviews of NT oriented towards ecologists, our goal here is to review the quantitative results of NT and its extensions for physicists who are interested in learning what NT is, what its successes are and what important problems remain unresolved. Furthermore, we hope that this review could also be of interest to theoretical ecologists because many potentially interesting results are buried in the vast NT literature. We propose to make these more accessible by extracting them and presenting them in a logical fashion. We conclude the review by discussing how one might introduce realistic non-neutral elements into the current models.