标题： 强子对撞机中中微子质量生成机制的测试 显示英文标题

标题： Hadron Collider Tests of Neutrino Mass-Generating Mechanisms

摘要： 粒子物理的标准模型（SM）目前是小距离和高能量下自然现象的最佳描述。 然而，具有微小但非零的中微子质量、希格斯玻色子质量在辐射修正下不稳定，以及对理解费米子质量层次缺乏指导，标准模型仍然是对自然不令人满意的描述。 存在一些有动机的场景可以解决这些问题，但也预测了扩展的规范（例如，左右对称模型）、标量（例如，超对称）和/或费米子部分（例如， seesaw 模型）。 因此，发现这些新状态将具有深远的意义。 在回顾了标准模型和对撞机物理的基本原则之后，研究了几种缓解这些缺点的超出标准模型（BSM）情景。 重点放在强子对撞机上，在低能有效理论的背景下产生重的马约拉纳中微子，这些理论同时解释中微子质量的起源及其与其他基本费米子相比的小性，即所谓的 seesaw 机制。 作为新物理的探测手段，研究了在标准模型、I 型和 II 型双希格斯二重态模型（2HDM）以及有效场论（EFT）的半模型独立框架背景下，罕见的顶夸克衰变为希格斯玻色子。 量化了这些模型在当前和未来对撞机实验中的观测前景和发现潜力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) is presently the best description of nature at small distances and high energies. However, with tiny but nonzero neutrino masses, a Higgs boson mass unstable under radiative corrections, and little guidance on understanding the hierarchy of fermion masses, the SM remains an unsatisfactory description of nature. Well-motivated scenarios that resolve these issues exist but also predict extended gauge (e.g., Left-Right Symmetric Models), scalar (e.g., Supersymmetry), and/or fermion sectors (e.g., Seesaw Models). Hence, discovering such new states would have far-reaching implications. After reviewing basic tenets of the SM and collider physics, several beyond the SM (BSM) scenarios that alleviate these shortcomings are investigated. Emphasis is placed on the production of a heavy Majorana neutrinos at hadron colliders in the context of low-energy, effective theories that simultaneously explain the origin of neutrino masses and their smallness compared to other elementary fermions, the so-called Seesaw Mechanisms. As probes of new physics, rare top quark decays to Higgs bosons in the context of the SM, the Types I and II Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), and the semi-model independent framework of Effective Field Theory (EFT) have also been investigated. Observation prospects and discovery potentials of these models at current and future collider experiments are quantified.