标题： 科学哲学中的天文学和天体物理学 显示英文标题

标题： Astronomy and Astrophysics in the Philosophy of Science

摘要： 本文探讨了现代天体物理学研究引发的哲学层面的问题与思考。 除了宇宙学之外，天体物理学尤其关注理解运行于“中间尺度”的宇宙现象与过程，而这些内容迄今为止很少引起哲学界的兴趣。 由于其观测性质，天体物理学受到伊恩·哈金赋予的反实在论指责，但同时也具备一种独特的研究方法，能够应对无法直接与大多数研究对象互动的可能性缺失。 在试图理解单一现象的因果历史方面，天体物理学与历史科学相似；而在探寻针对某一类过程或物体的一般因果关系时，则可以依赖“宇宙实验室”——即宇宙自然提供的众多不同现象与环境。 此外，天体物理学的认识论高度依赖模型和模拟，并且需要对大量数据进行复杂处理。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This article looks at philosophical aspects and questions that modern astrophysical research gives rise to. Other than cosmology, astrophysics particularly deals with understanding phenomena and processes operating at "intermediate" cosmic scales, which has rarely aroused philosophical interest so far. Being confronted with the attribution of antirealism by Ian Hacking because of its observational nature, astrophysics is equipped with a characteristic methodology that can cope with the missing possibility of direct interaction with most objects of research. In its attempt to understand the causal history of singular phenomena it resembles the historical sciences, while the search for general causal relations with respect to classes of processes or objects can rely on the "cosmic laboratory": the multitude of different phenomena and environments, naturally provided by the universe. Furthermore, the epistemology of astrophysics is strongly based on the use of models and simulations and a complex treatment of large amounts of data.