标题： 膨出的脑部 显示英文标题

标题： Bulging brains

摘要： 脑肿胀是一种严重的状况，由大脑内部积液引起，可能由创伤、中风、感染或肿瘤导致。它会增加颅内压力并减少血液和氧气供应。为了缓解颅内压，神经外科医生移除部分颅骨，使肿胀的大脑向外膨出，这一手术称为去骨瓣减压术。 去骨瓣减压术已施行超过一个世纪；然而，人们对它对肿胀大脑的影响仍知之甚少。 在这里，我们利用非线性力学场理论来表征膨出大脑的变形、应变和拉伸情况。我们的研究表明，即使只有28到56毫升的小量肿胀也会导致最大主应变超过30%。对于径向向外延伸的轴突，我们在膨出部分深处观察到最大法向拉伸值为1.3，在去骨瓣边缘周围则观察到最大切向拉伸值同样为1.3。尽管拉伸大小因开颅部位和肿胀区域而异，但我们的研究显示所有膨出大脑的最大拉伸位置具有普遍一致性。 我们的模型可以为神经外科医生提供指导，并合理化颅骨开口的形状和位置，以总体目标减少创伤患者在接受去骨瓣减压术后的大脑损伤，并改善其结构和功能结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Brain swelling is a serious condition associated with an accumulation of fluid inside the brain that can be caused by trauma, stroke, infection, or tumors. It increases the pressure inside the skull and reduces blood and oxygen supply. To relieve the intracranial pressure, neurosurgeons remove part of the skull and allow the swollen brain to bulge outward, a procedure known as decompressive craniectomy. Decompressive craniectomy has been preformed for more than a century; yet, its effects on the swollen brain remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the deformation, strain, and stretch in bulging brains using the nonlinear field theories of mechanics. Our study shows that even small swelling volumes of 28 to 56 ml induce maximum principal strains in excess of 30%. For radially outward-pointing axons, we observe maximal normal stretches of 1.3 deep inside the bulge and maximal tangential stretches of 1.3 around the craniectomy edge. While the stretch magnitude varies with opening site and swelling region, our study suggests that the locations of maximum stretch are universally shared amongst all bulging brains. Our model can inform neurosurgeons and rationalize the shape and position of the skull opening, with the overall goal to reduce brain damage and improve the structural and functional outcomes of decompressive craniectomy in trauma patients.