标题： 真空量子应力张量涨落：对角化方法 显示英文标题

标题： Vacuum Quantum Stress Tensor Fluctuations: A Diagonalization Approach

摘要： 大真空涨落的量子应力张量算符可以通过时间或时空平均算符的概率分布的渐近行为来描述。 在这里，我们关注的是应力张量算符在时间上用采样函数进行平均的情况。 闵可夫斯基真空态不是时间平均算符的本征态，但可以表示为该算符本征态的展开。 我们计算了在真空态下对时间平均算符进行测量时获得给定值的概率分布和累积概率分布。 在这些计算中，我们使用了闵可夫斯基时空中的无质量标量场的时间导数的正规序平方作为应力张量算符的一个例子。 我们分析了不同时间采样函数下概率分布尾部的衰减速率，例如紧支撑函数和洛伦兹函数。 我们发现尾部的衰减相对较慢，为分数幂指数的指数形式，这与之前利用分布矩的研究结果一致。 我们的结果进一步支持了这样一个结论，即大的真空应力张量涨落比大的热涨落更可能发生，并可能产生可观测效应。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Large vacuum fluctuations of a quantum stress tensor operator can be described by the asymptotic behavior of the probability distribution of the time or spacetime averaged operator. Here we focus on the case of stress tensor operators averaged with a sampling function in time. The Minkowski vacuum state is not an eigenstate of the time-averaged operator, but can be expanded in terms of its eigenstates. We calculate the probability distribution and the cumulative probability distribution for obtaining a given value in a measurement of the time-averaged operator taken in the vacuum state. In these calculations, we use the normal ordered square of the time derivative of a massless scalar field in Minkowski spacetime as an example of a stress tensor operator. We analyze the rate of decrease of the tail of the probability distribution for different temporal sampling functions, such as compactly supported functions and the Lorentzian function. We find that the tails decrease relatively slowly, as exponentials of fractional powers, in agreement with previous work using the moments of the distribution. Our results lead additional support to the conclusion that large vacuum stress tensor fluctuations are more probable than large thermal fluctuations, and may have observable effects.