标题： 胶子，重夸克和轻夸克在QCD真空中的情况 显示英文标题

标题： Gluons, Heavy and Light Quarks in the QCD Vacuum

摘要： 我们正在讨论QCD真空的性质，这可能对于理解具有小夸克核心尺寸的强子尤其重要。 $\sim0.3\,fm.$我们假设在这些距离下，QCD真空可以用瞬子液态模型（ILM）来描述。 在较大的距离下，当禁闭变得重要时，ILM应该扩展为单极子液态模型（DLM）。 ILM只有两个自由参数，平均瞬子大小$\rho\approx0.3\,fm$和平均瞬子间距$R\approx1\,fm$，并且可以成功描述轻强子物理的关键特征。 一个重要概念性结果是预测了动量依赖的动态夸克质量$M\sim(packing\,\,fraction)^{1/2}\,\,\rho^{-1}\approx360\,MeV$，后来通过格点计算得到了数值确认。 估计表明胶子-瞬子相互作用强度也很大，并由动态胶子质量$M_{g}\approx M$的值控制。 重夸克与瞬子的相互作用要弱得多。 重夸克-瞬子相互作用强度由$\Delta m_{Q}\sim packing\,\,fraction\,\,\rho^{-1}\approx70\,MeV.$给出。 然而，瞬子对无色重-重夸克势的直接贡献是显著的，必须加以考虑。 在小距离下，该势的一胶子交换贡献占主导地位，我们必须考虑动态胶子质量$M_{g}$。 此外，瞬子生成轻-重夸克相互作用，并允许描述重-轻夸克系统中的非微扰效应。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We are discussing the properties of the QCD vacuum which might be important especially for the understanding of hadrons with small quark core size $\sim0.3\,fm.$ We assume that at these distances the QCD vacuum can be described by the Instanton Liquid Model (ILM). At larger distances, where confinement is important, ILM should be extended to Dyons Liquid Model (DLM). The ILM has only two free parameters, average instanton size $\rho\approx0.3\,fm$ and average inter-instanton distance $R\approx1\,fm$, and can successfully describe the key features of light hadron physics. One of the important conceptual results was prediction of the momentum dependent dynamical quark mass $M\sim(packing\,\,fraction)^{1/2}\,\,\rho^{-1}\approx360\,MeV$, later confirmed numerically by evaluations in the lattice. The estimates show that gluon-instanton interaction strength is also big and is controlled by the value of dynamical gluon mass $M_{g}\approx M$. Heavy quarks interact with instantons much weaker. The heavy quark-instanton interaction strength is given by $\Delta m_{Q}\sim packing\,\,fraction\,\,\rho^{-1}\approx70\,MeV.$ Nevertheless, the direct instanton contribution to the colorless heavy-heavy quarks potential is sizable and must be taken into account. At small distances, where one-gluon exchange contribution to this potential is dominated, we have to take into account dynamical gluon mass $M_{g}$. Also, instantons are generating light-heavy quarks interactions and allow to describe the nonperturbative effects in heavy-light quarks systems.