标题： 非稳态调控回路中的耗散 显示英文标题

标题： Dissipation in non-steady state regulatory circuits

摘要： 为了响应环境信号，细胞通常使用小分子电路来传递关于其周围环境的信息。 最近，受信号传导和基因调控中具体例子的启发，大量研究集中在非平衡状态下运行并耗散能量的电路的特性上。 我们简要回顾了信息和耗散的概率度量，并使用简单模型来讨论和说明生物电路中信息与耗散之间的权衡。 我们发现，具有非稳态初始条件的电路在较小读取延迟下比稳态电路能够传输更多信息。 与稳态耗散相比，这种额外信息的耗散成本是微不足道的。 对于非稳态电路，反馈不会显著增加传输的信息量，但可以降低耗散成本。 最后，我们讨论了爆发式基因调控电路的情况，即使在快速切换极限下，它们也处于非平衡状态。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In order to respond to environmental signals, cells often use small molecular circuits to transmit information about their surroundings. Recently, motivated by concrete examples in signaling and gene regulation, a body of work has focused on the properties of circuits that function out of equilibrium and dissipate energy. We briefly review the probabilistic measures of information and dissipation and use simple models to discuss and illustrate trade-offs between information and dissipation in biological circuits. We find that circuits with non-steady state initial conditions can transmit more information at small readout delays than steady state circuits. The dissipative cost of this additional information proves marginal compared to the steady state dissipation. Feedback does not significantly increase the transmitted information for out of steady state circuits but does decrease dissipative costs. Lastly, we discuss the case of bursty gene regulatory circuits that even in the fast switching limit function out of equilibrium.