标题： 神经解剖网络揭示了人类认知能力的本体论的哪些方面？ 显示英文标题

标题： What do neuroanatomical networks reveal about the ontology of human cognitive abilities?

摘要： 在过去几十年中，认知心理学对人类智力的本体结构达成了相当一致的共识。 然而，大脑的解剖学特性是否支持相同的本体论仍是一个开放性问题。 本研究探讨了从与15项认知任务表现相关的神经解剖网络中推导出的本体结构。 结果表明，源自大脑的（神经测量的）本体论与源自认知表现的（心理测量的）本体论部分一致。 然而，也存在可解释且互补的差异。 此外，与不同推断能力相关的皮层区域是分隔的，几乎没有重叠。 尽管如此，这些空间上分隔的皮层区域通过更密集的白质结构连接，相较于整体脑连接组而言。 能力相关皮层网络的整合构成了心理测量学中一般智力概念的神经对应物，而心理测量学和神经测量学本体论之间的一致性和差异对于理论构建、临床诊断和治疗至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to fair consensus about the ontological structure of human intelligence. However, it remains an open question, whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology. The present study explored the ontological structure derived from neuroanatomical networks associated with performance in 15 cognitive tasks indicating various abilities. Results suggest that the brain-derived (neurometric) ontology is partly consistent with the cognitive performance-derived (psychometric) ontology. However, there are interpretable and complementary differences as well. Moreover, the cortical areas associated with different inferred abilities are segregated, with little or no overlap. Nevertheless, these spatially segregated cortical areas are integrated via denser white matter structural connections as compared with the general brain connectome. The integration of ability-related cortical networks constitutes a neural counterpart to the psychometric construct of general intelligence, while the consistency and differences between psychometric and neurometric ontologies represent crucial pieces of knowledge for theory building, clinical diagnostics and treatment.